Recomendaciones nutricionales para el niño deportista

Several health benefits have been attributed to sports practice, and an adequate nutrition status helps to maintain an optimal performance. Children most frequently practice non-competitive and non-endurance activities in a school setting. The dietary intake of children who practice sports should be similar to the general population, properly meeting their energy and nutrient requirements. During the activity performance, correct hydration should be aimed for, with water appearing to be an adequate source in most cases. General calorie and micronutrient supplementation should not be commonly recommended in children. Paediatricians must control nutritional status and dietary habits of children who practice sports, especially in those cases when weight-loss is aimed for, as well as take into account the psychological implications of competitive sports practice.     

Correlation approach for the detection of the heartbeat intervals using force sensors placed under the bed posts

Abstract

This study proposes a method for detecting the heartbeat intervals of a person lying on a bed from ballistocardiographic signals recorded unobtrusively with four dynamic force sensors located under the bed posts. The method does not recognize individual heartbeats, but the intervals where the correlation between two consecutive signal segments maximizes. This study evaluated the performance of the method with nine subjects in 1-h long recordings and achieved 91% beat-to-beat interval (BBI) recognition coverage; 98.6% of the detected BBIs differed less than 50?ms from the values calculated from a reference electrocardiogram signal. This study also evaluated the reliability of two parameters of heart rate variability that have been used in sleep quality assessment in several studies and are usually calculated for 30?s epochs. The results suggest that the method is able to provide sufficient reliability for using the data in evaluation of sleep quality.     

Physiological variables involved in heart valve substitute calcification

Biochemical, histological and genetic studies using in vitro/in vivo models have demonstrated that pathological calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) is regulated by various mechanisms associated with physiological variables. The major objective of this review is to characterize physiological variables involved in BHV calcification. This review examines our understanding of the systemic cellular behavior and physiological regulation processes behind BHV calcification and its clinical applications.     

Soy,Soy Isoflavones,and Protein Intake in Relation to Mortality from All Causes,Cancers, and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize findings on the associations between intakes of soy, soy isoflavones, and soy protein and risk of mortality from all causes, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases.MethodsOnline databases were systematically searched to identify relevant articles published earlier than May 2018. We applied restricted cubic splines using random-effects analysis to assess dose–response associations. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by I² value and Cochrane Q test. Potential publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and Begg regression test.ResultsIn total, 23 prospective studies with an overall sample size of 330,826 participants were included in the current systematic review and the meta-analysis. Soy/soy products consumption was inversely associated with deaths from cancers (pooled relative risk 0.88, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.99; P=0.03; I²=47.1%, 95% CI 0.0% to 75.4%) and cardiovascular diseases (pooled effect size: 0.85, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.99; P=0.04; I²=50.0%, 95% CI 0.0% to 77.6%). Such significant associations were also observed for all-cause mortality in some subgroups of the included studies, particularly those with higher quality. In addition, higher intake of soy was associated with decreased risk of mortality from gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers as well as ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Participants in the highest category of dietary soy isoflavones intake had a 10% lower risk of all-cause mortality compared with those in the lowest category. We also found that a 10-mg/day increase in intake of soy isoflavones was associated with 7% and 9% decreased risk of mortality from all cancers and also breast cancer respectively. Furthermore, a 12% reduction in breast cancer death was indicated for each 5-g/day increase in consumption of soy protein. However, intake of soy protein was not significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular diseases mortality.ConclusionsSoy and its isoflavones may favorably influence risk of mortality. In addition, soy protein intake was associated with a decreased risk in the mortality of breast cancer. Our findings may support the current recommendations to increase intake of soy for greater longevity.     

The relationship between nutritional status,vitamin A and zinc levels and oxidative stress in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia

BackgroundAtaxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare and degenerative disease that leads to varying degrees of immunodeficiency, oxidative stress, and malnutrition. Vitamin A and zinc are essential for immune function and antioxidant defence.ObjectiveTo compare levels of retinol, beta carotene, and zinc in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia and healthy controls.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study with 14 AT patients and 14 healthy controls matched for age and gender. All participants underwent a nutritional and laboratory evaluation comprising concentrations of retinol, beta carotene, serum and erythrocyte zinc, malondialdehyde (MDA), T lymphocyte numbers (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺) and immunoglobulin (IgA).ResultsThe AT patients showed high rates of malnutrition with reduced lean body mass when compared to the control group. However, the concentrations of MDA, retinol, beta carotene, and serum and erythrocyte zinc in AT patients were similar to those of the control group. The retinol levels presented a negative correlation with MDA and positive correlation with IgA serum level.ConclusionsThe AT patients assessed showed no change in nutritional status for vitamin A and zinc; however, they presented severe impairment in overall nutritional status observed and correlation between retinol with MDA and IgA.     

调强放疗的肿瘤患者营养状况与生活质量相关性分析

目的探讨食管肿瘤与头颈部肿瘤患者在调强放疗期间营养状况和生活质量的相关性。方法选取2018年11月至2019年5月肿瘤放疗患者进行研究，采用NRS 2002和PG-SGA对患者进行营养评估，运用EORTC QLQ-C30进行生活质量测评，并分析两者之间相关性。结果41例患者中食管肿瘤23例，头颈部肿瘤18例，放疗后体重丢失35例，占85.36%，其中丢失≥5%体重患者19例，占46.34%，体重丢失>10%患者2例，占4.88%，平均丢失体重3.6kg。41例患者中合并骨髓抑制31例、低蛋白血症15例，电解质紊乱24例。放疗后，41例患者在总健康水平及功能方面得分均低于放疗前（P<0.05），症状方面如疼痛、疲倦、食欲丧失等得分均高于放疗前（P<0.05）。总健康水平、躯体功能、疼痛和食欲丧失等方面与营养状况存在明显相关性（P<0.05）；而社会功能、情绪功能、气促和便秘与营养状况无明显相关性（P>0.05）。结论肿瘤患者在放疗期间的营养状况和生活质量存在相关性，应重视肿瘤放疗患者的营养评估及干预，改善患者躯体功能、疼痛、食欲等方面的生活质量，从而提高放疗效果。     

Dissected Aorta Repair Through Stent Implantation trial: Canadian results

Objectives

We describe the Canadian results of the Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent (AMDS), a novel partially uncovered aortic arch hybrid graft implanted antegrade during hypothermic circulatory arrest to promote true lumen expansion and enhance aortic remodeling.